Gynae Oncology

A Gynae Oncologist is a highly specialized medical professional who combines the fields of gynaecology—the study of women’s reproductive health—with oncology, which focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. These specialists play a crucial role in the care of women diagnosed with cancers affecting the reproductive organs, including the ovaries, uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and vulva.

Uterine Cancer

Uterine cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the uterus, the organ where a baby grows during pregnancy. Most cases start in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium, and are known as endometrial cancer.

It commonly affects women after menopause, but younger women can also be at risk. Common symptoms include unusual vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause, pelvic pain, and abnormal discharge. If these signs appear, it’s important to consult a doctor promptly.

Risk factors include obesity, high levels of estrogen, diabetes, and a family history of certain cancers. Early detection is key most cases can be treated successfully if caught in time.

Treatment options may include surgery (like a hysterectomy), radiation, or hormone therapy, depending on the stage of the cancer.

Raising awareness and encouraging regular checkups can help save lives.

Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the ovaries—the small organs responsible for producing eggs and female hormones. It is often called a “silent killer” because its symptoms can be vague and easily overlooked in the early stages.

Common signs include abdominal bloating, pelvic pain, frequent urination, and feeling full quickly while eating. These symptoms may seem minor but should not be ignored, especially if they persist.

The exact cause of ovarian cancer is unknown, but risk factors include age (especially over 50), family history of ovarian or breast cancer, never having been pregnant, and certain genetic mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2.

Early detection can be challenging because there is no routine screening test for ovarian cancer. That’s why it’s important to listen to your body and seek medical advice if you notice unusual changes.

Treatment usually involves surgery and chemotherapy. When diagnosed early, ovarian cancer is more treatable, so awareness and timely action are crucial.

Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer begins in the cervix—the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is most commonly caused by long-term infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus.

Early stages of cervical cancer often show no symptoms. As it progresses, signs may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, or unusual discharge. Regular screening is essential to catch it early.

The Pap smear and HPV test are simple and effective tools for early detection. Most cases can be prevented through regular screening and the HPV vaccine, which is recommended for both girls and boys before becoming sexually active.

Treatment depends on the stage and may include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. When detected early, cervical cancer is highly treatable.

Awareness, vaccination, and routine checkups can help eliminate cervical cancer as a public health threat.

Vaginal Cancer

Vaginal cancer is a rare type of cancer that begins in the tissues of the vagina—the muscular tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body. It most commonly affects women over the age of 60.

Early symptoms may be mild or absent, but warning signs can include unusual vaginal bleeding (especially after menopause or sex), a lump or mass in the vagina, pain during intercourse, or pelvic discomfort.

The main risk factor is persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Other risk factors include age, a history of cervical cancer or precancerous changes, and smoking.

Regular gynecological exams, including Pap smears and HPV testing, can help detect early changes that may lead to vaginal cancer. Treatment options usually involve surgery, radiation therapy, and sometimes chemotherapy, depending on the stage and location of the cancer.

Although rare, vaginal cancer can be serious. Early detection and awareness are key to better outcomes.

Vulvar Cancer

Vulvar cancer is a rare form of cancer that affects the outer part of the female genital area, called the vulva. It most commonly occurs in older women but can affect younger women, especially those with certain risk factors.

Common symptoms include itching, burning, pain, or tenderness in the vulvar area, a lump or sore that doesn’t heal, and changes in skin color or thickness. These signs should never be ignored.

The most significant risk factor is long-term infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Other risk factors include older age, smoking, a weakened immune system, and a history of precancerous conditions like vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN).

Diagnosis is usually made through a physical exam and biopsy. Treatment often includes surgery, and in some cases, radiation or chemotherapy.

Regular checkups, self-awareness, and HPV prevention (including vaccination) can help reduce the risk and ensure early detection.

Fallopian Tube Cancer

Fallopian tube cancer is a rare type of gynecologic cancer that begins in the fallopian tubes the thin tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus. It is most often diagnosed in women aged 50 to 60 and can be difficult to detect early due to mild or vague symptoms.

Common symptoms may include abdominal or pelvic pain, bloating, and a pelvic mass. These symptoms are often mistaken for other conditions, which can delay diagnosis.

The exact cause of fallopian tube cancer is unknown, but risk factors include a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, especially with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, and a personal history of gynecologic cancers.

Diagnosis involves imaging tests and biopsy, and treatment typically includes surgery to remove the cancer and chemotherapy. Like ovarian cancer, early detection improves outcomes.

Awareness and regular checkups are essential especially for women with a strong family history of reproductive cancers.